Extension formate

hey, I would like to develop an extension related to the checklist of entries created by junior staff. Could you please guide me on where I can find the underlying code or data source that automatically retrieves information while the code is running?

For example, if a bank receipt entry is created for an amount of 5,000, where can I find the code or fields that retrieve details such as the amount, bank name, and other related information? I would like to understand how this data is obtained so I can use it in the extension.